Compound odontoma associated with a calcifying odontogenic cyst. Case report and systematic review.

The objectives of the present study were to comprehensively evaluate all the published cases on compound odontoma associated with calcifying odontogenic cyst (COaCOC) in the English literature and to describe the clinical, imaging and therapeutic variables for this condition. In August 2020, an electronic search of the PubMed / MEDLINE, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, Springer, and Scopus databases was carried out. The eligibility criteria included publications with enough information to confirm the diagnosis. Furthermore, we present a clinical case of a 16-year-old male patient with OCCaC, who was treated with enucleation, obtaining favorable and functional results. A total of 32 cases reported in the literature that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria, including ours, were analyzed and discussed. The mayority of the patients were women (n = 17) with an average age of 14.4 years, the maxilla was the most affected bone (n = 22) and the maxillary anterior region was the area with the highest number of cases (n = 18), the main clinical presentations were the volume increase (n = 14) and asymptomatic (n = 14). The choice treatment was enucleation (n = 26) and, in most cases, no recurrence was reported (n = 20). This study allows to update the characteristics of the OCCaC, giving an effective vision of how to treat this rare pathological association made up of two conditions that are completely different from each other.

A rare variant of calcifying odontogenic cyst with ameloblastoma presentation.

Calcifying odontogenic cyst is a rare entity which was first described by Gorlin, and also accounts for 1% of the jaw cysts according to Shear. Due to its diverse histopathology and variable clinical features, there has been a doubt regarding its nature as a cyst or a neoplasm. In this report we present a case of calcifying odontogenic cyst with mural ameloblastomatous presentation in the left body of the mandible in a 19-year-old male patient. This is the 15th case of ameloblastomatous COC being documented in literature.

Calcifying cystic odontogenic tumor associated with other lesions: case report with cone-beam computed tomography findings.

The calcifying cystic odontogenic tumor (CCOT) simultaneously occurring with other lesions at different locations in the same patient is rare. We report a patient with CCOT associated with an odontoma, a supernumerary tooth, and a dentigerous cyst simultaneously occurring in the maxilla. Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images showed a well-defined expansile lesion with internal calcification, high-density masses surrounded by low-density area, and a supernumerary tooth at the anterior maxilla. Posterolaterally to these lesions, an embedded canine with pericoronal radiolucency was detected. Histopathologic examination revealed a CCOT associated with an odontoma, a supernumerary tooth, and a dentigerous cyst of the embedded canine. Enucleation was performed, and a 2-year postoperative follow-up was uneventful. CBCT was useful in giving the differential diagnosis by depicting internal calcification of CCOT, and in revealing the extent and complex relationship of these lesions.

Calcifying odontogenic cysts associated with odontomas: confocal laser scanning microscopy analysis of 13 cases.

The so-called calcifying odontogenic cyst (COC) represents a heterogeneous group of lesions that exhibit a variety of clinico-pathologic features. It is an uncommon lesion and represents less than 2% of all odontogenic cysts and tumors. Recently, these lesions have been reclassified as calcifying cystic odontogenic tumors (CCOT), according to the new World Health Organization (WHO) classification. CCOT are frequently found in association with, or containing areas histologically identical to, various types of odontogenic tumors, such as complex/compound odontomas. This work analyzed clinical and histological data deriving from 13 patients affected by CCOT associated with odontomas. Moreover, a confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM) analysis was undertaken to further a better understanding of the nature of this peculiar lesion.

Importance of cone beam computed tomography for diagnosis of calcifyingcystic odontogenic tumor associated to odontoma. Report of a case

The calcifying cystic odontogenic tumour (CCOT) is a rare benign cystic neoplasm not infrequently associatedwith odontoma. This report documents a case of CCOT associated with compound odontoma arising in theanterior maxilla in a 25-year-old woman. Conventional radiographs showed a large calcified mass with poorlyvisualized radiolucent margins. The extent and condition of the internal structure of the CCOT associated withodontoma was able to be determined based on radiographic findings from cone beam computed tomography.This advanced image technique proved to be extremely useful in the radiographic assessment of this particularneoplasm of the jawbones (AU)

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Calcifying odontogenic cyst with odontogenic keratocyst: a case report and review of the literature.

The calcifying odontogenic cyst (COC), first identified as a separate and distinct lesion by Gorlin et al. in 1962, is an uncommon benign lesion, consisting of a proliferation of odontogenic epithelium and scattered nests of ghost cells and calcifications that may form the lining of a cyst or present as a solid mass. The COC occurs alone or occasionally with odontomas or other odontogenic tumors, and it is this variable histology and clinical behavior that has raised the question of whether or not it is a cyst or a true neoplasm. The odontogenic keratocyst (OKC) is a locally aggressive odontogenic cyst lined by parakeratinizing epithelium that also exhibits characteristics of a neoplasm, including rapid growth, a high rate of recurrence when treated conservatively, and the presence of a gene mutation. We describe a patient diagnosed with an OKC of the mandible that arose simultaneously with a COC of the anterior maxilla. The occurrence of 2 "cystic neoplasms" in the same patient is an occurrence which to our knowledge has not been previously reported. We discuss the significance of the case and review the current literature regarding these lesions.

Importance of cone beam computed tomography for diagnosis of calcifying cystic odontogenic tumour associated to odontoma. Report of a case.

The calcifying cystic odontogenic tumour (CCOT) is a rare benign cystic neoplasm not infrequently associated with odontoma. This report documents a case of CCOT associated with compound odontoma arising in the anterior maxilla in a 25-year-old woman. Conventional radiographs showed a large calcified mass with poorly visualized radiolucent margins. The extent and condition of the internal structure of the CCOT associated with odontoma was able to be determined based on radiographic findings from cone beam computed tomography. This advanced image technique proved to be extremely useful in the radiographic assessment of this particular neoplasm of the jawbones.

Persistent apical periodontitis associated with a calcifying odontogenic cyst.

AIM: To report a case of calcifying odontogenic cyst (COC) that was suggestive of apical periodontitis adjacent to the roots of the maxillary incisor teeth. SUMMARY: Tooth 21 presented with clinical and radiographic signs of secondary infection, a post within the root canal and substantial internal tooth destruction; it was scheduled for endodontic surgery. Teeth 12 and 22 were root filled following the placement of a calcium hydroxide intracanal dressing for 21 days. Three attempts at root canal disinfection in tooth 11 were unsuccessful, and a persistent purulent drainage precluded completion of root canal treatment. Surgical enucleation of the periapical lesion was undertaken and the tissues submitted for histopathological examination. A diagnosis of COC was established based on the microscopic analysis. COC is an unusual benign lesion that represents 2% of all odontogenic lesions. Depending on the stage of development, it can mimic a large lesion associated with apical periodontitis and should therefore be considered in the differential diagnosis. In the case of COC, the definitive diagnosis can only be made with histopathological analysis. KEY LEARNING POINTS: Persistent apical periodontitis may be of nonendodontic origin. * Histological examination is essential to establish the cause of persistent apical periodontitis. * Calcifying odontogenic cyst can mimic apical periodontitis.

International collaborative study on ghost cell odontogenic tumours: calcifying cystic odontogenic tumour, dentinogenic ghost cell tumour and ghost cell odontogenic carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: Calcifying odontogenic cyst was described first by Gorlin et al. in 1962; since then several hundreds of cases had been reported. In 1981, Praetorius et al. proposed a widely used classification. Afterwards, several authors proposed different classifications and discussed its neoplastic potential. The 2005 WHO Classification of Odontogenic Tumours re-named this entity as calcifying cystic odontogenic tumour (CCOT) and defined the clinico-pathological features of the ghost cell odontogenic tumours, the CCOT, the dentinogenic ghost cell tumour (DGCT) and the ghost cell odontogenic carcinoma (GCOC). METHODS: The aim of this paper was to review the clinical-pathological features of 122 CCOT, DGCT and GCOC cases retrieved from the files of the oral pathology laboratories from 14 institutions in Mexico, South Africa, Denmark, the USA, Brazil, Guatemala and Peru. It attempts to clarify and to group the clinico-pathological features of the analysed cases and to propose an objective, comprehensive and useful classification under the 2005 WHO classification guidelines. RESULTS: CCOT cases were divided into four sub-types: (i) simple cystic; (ii) odontoma associated; (iii) ameloblastomatous proliferating; and (iv) CCOT associated with benign odontogenic tumours other than odontomas. DGCT was separated into a central aggressive DGCT and a peripheral non-aggressive counterpart. For GCOC, three variants were identified. The first reported cases of a recurrent peripheral CCOT and a multiple synchronous, CCOT are included. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that ghost cell odontogenic tumours comprise a heterogeneous group of neoplasms which need further studies to define more precisely their biological behaviour.

Calcifying odontogenic cyst: radiologic findings in 11 cases.

OBJECTIVE: This retrospective study examines the relationship between histopathologically diagnosed cases of in calcifying odontogenic cysts (COCs) on the adjacent dentition. STUDY DESIGN: The records including diagnostic radiograph images of 11 patients treated for COCs from 1991 to 2004 were analyzed and correlations made between radiologic and histopathologic features. Special attention was applied to the associations between COCs and adjacent teeth. RESULTS: Radiologic and histopathologic features of the 11 lesions were variable, with some lesions being more solid and others more cystic. Calcifications varied from small flecks to solid calcified areas of frank odontoma. In 7 cases, the COC was associated with an impacted tooth and 5 of these cases involved COC-enveloping teeth. All cases excepting one in an edentulous jaw segment showed positional changes of adjacent teeth, including impaction. CONCLUSIONS: The radiographical features of COCs are varied but there is a high frequency of changes in adjacent teeth, including dental impaction. The presence of impaction or displacement of teeth for COCs occurring in the posterior segments of the jaw, and absence of this finding for anteriorly placed lesions may be indicative of the timing of COC development.

Calcifying odontogenic cyst associated with complex odontoma: case report and review of the literature.

We report a calcifying odontogenic cyst associated with odontoma (COCaO) and an included permanent canine in the superior maxilla, in a 19 year-old-man. The calcifying odontogenic cyst (COC) was first described as a distinct entity by Gorlin et al in 1962. The lesion is a mixed odontogenic benign tumor, and although most of the cases present cystic characteristics, a few are of the solid type (15%), and its rare malignant transformation is well documented. The COC may occur in association with other odontogenic tumors, the most common is the odontoma, occurring in about 24% of the cases. For this association the term Odontocalcifying odontogenic cyst has been suggested. Radiographically is a well defined mixed lesion and histologically consists of a large cyst. In the central area of the cyst enamel and dentin deposits can be found, irregularly distributed in areas and in other parts it takes on a well defined organoid aspect. A thorough review of literature takes place and the pathogenesis is discussed.

Ameloblastomatous calcifying odontogenic cyst in the mandible.

Ameloblastoma is one of the well-known odontogenic tumours that can be associated with calcifying odontogenic cysts (COCs), but only a few reports include detailed clinical and radiographic features. In this paper we demonstrate a case of large ameloblastomatous COC in the mandible. The radiographic examination revealed the presence of a multilocular cystic lesion in the right posterior part of the mandible containing the impacted lower second molar with remarkable expansion toward both lingual and buccal side. This feature was different from the general findings of COC and rather resembled that of ameloblastomas.

Combined benign odontogenic tumors: CT and MR findings and histomorphologic evaluation.

SUMMARY: Calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumors and calcifying odontogenic cysts are rare, benign odontogenic tumors. We report two cases of an exceptional combination of these tumors with either an ameloblastic fibroodontoma or an odontoma.

Tumor odontogénico epitelial calcificante (tumor de Pindborg): a propósito de un caso / Calciying epithelial odontogenic tumor (Pindborg tumor): a case report

El tumor odontogénico epitelial calcificante es una neoplasia odontogénica benigna muy infrecuente que fue descrita por primera vez por Pindborg en 1955. La literatura registra sólo unos 160 casos, lo que representa menos de 1 por ciento de todas las lesiones odontogénicas. Presentamos el caso de una mujer de 57 años de edad que consultó por crecimiento progresivo e indoloro del maxilar inferior, de varios meses de evolución. Se realizó una mandibulectomía parcial con resección completa de la lesión, emitiéndose el diagnóstico histológico de tumor odontogénico epitelial calcificante. Se comentan las características histológicas, inmunohistoquímicas y ultraestructurales del tumor, así como los principales aspectos de su histogénesis, diagnóstico diferencial, pronóstico y tratamiento (AU)

A review of 47 cases of unerupted maxillary incisors.

OBJECTIVES: To study the prevalence of aetiological factors associated with unerupted maxillary incisors and to follow the outcome of treatment in a study of 47 cases. DESIGN: A retrospective study. SETTING: The Dental Department, St Luke's Hospital, Malta, the School Dental Clinic of Malta and the private practices of two orthodontists in Malta. SAMPLE AND METHODS: Forty-seven patients with a total of 53 unerupted maxillary incisors were classified according to the aetiological factors causing non-eruption. The relative prevalence of the various aetiologies were ascertained, and the outcome after treatment was recorded to assess the efficacy of the treatment methods being used. RESULTS: The most common cause of lack of eruption was the presence of supernumerary teeth (47% of patients). The other 53% of cases were distributed more or less equally between the remaining aetiological factors, which were odontomes (9%), dilacerations (9%), tooth germ malposition (12%), crowding (4%), one case of a calcifying odontogenic cyst (2%) and one case of trauma to the preceding deciduous tooth (2%). The aetiology of 15% of cases could not be ascertained. Once supernumerary teeth were removed, maxillary incisors usually erupted successfully with the help of conventional treatment methods such as surgical exposure and orthodontics. A relatively large number of incisors that failed to erupt due to other aetiological factors had to be extracted. CONCLUSIONS: Maxillary incisors that fail to erupt due to the presence of supernumerary teeth have a better prognosis than unerupted incisors with less common aetiologies.